Thursday, September 24, 2009
Air Florida's European Route History
Today, Air Florida is best remembered for a tragic crash in the Potomac River. But few recall that the airline, which for a time was run by the flamboyant Ed Acker actually operated extensive, scheduled services from Miami International Airport to Central America, the Caribbean and Europe.
The airline also had a large domestic operation centered around the three south Florida airports and to a lesser extent Tampa and Orlando. But today, the European operation is our focus.
In February 1981, Air Florida began service from Miami to London's Gatwick Airport. The service had been awarded to Air Florida over Eastern Airlines the previous year following the Pan Am-National merger. But due to the Bermuda II agreement, any new entrant to the London market from the US had to serve Gatwick (this continued until 2008) instead of the much more attractive Heathrow Airport.
Air Florida also acquired the route authority to a number of cities on the European continent disgarded by Pan Am after the merger with National
Air Florida's route system to Europe was as follows:
(all destinations sevred nonstop or via same plan service from Miami)
Febraury 1981:
Amsterdam
Brussels
London
July 1981:
Amsterdam
Brussels
London
Shannon
April 1982:
Amsterdam
Brussels
London
Shannon
April 1983:
Amsterdam
Brussels
Dusseldorf
Frankfurt
London
Madrid
Zurich
January 1984:
Amsterdam
Brussels
Dusseldorf
Frankfurt
London
Madrid
Zurich
By mid 1984, Air Florida was no more, having over expanded and suffered from the Flight 90 crash in Washington DC.
So agressive was Air Florida's marketing campaign, English top flight football club Southampton had Air Florida as their shirt sponsor for a few years.
Here is the kit:
Thursday, September 3, 2009
Eastern in Fort Lauderdale 1977-1987
Here is Eastern's Fort Lauderdale history from 1977 to 1987.
January 1977
Atlanta 5x
Baltimore 1x
Boston 2x
Buffalo 1x
Detroit 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Melbourne 1x
Miami 7x
Nassau 1x
Newark 4x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Orlando 2x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 2x
Tampa 2x
West Palm Beach 1x
17 nonstop destinations, 40 daily nonstop flights
December 1979
Atlanta 6x
Baltimore 2x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Miami 9x
Nassau 1x
Newark 4x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 2x
West Palm Beach 2x
12 nonstop destinations, 37 daily nonstop flights
July 1981
Atlanta 6x
Baltimore 1x
Miami 9x
Nassau 1x
Newark 4x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 1x
West Palm Beach 2x
10 nonstop destinations, 34 daily nonstop flights
December 1983
Atlanta 5x
Baltimore 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Houston 1x
Miami 7x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 2x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 2x
Washington (DCA) 1x
11 nonstop destinations, 29 daily nonstop flights
April 1985
Atlanta 6x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Islip 2x
Miami 6x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 2x
Washington (DCA) 1x
11 nonstop destinations, 30 daily nonstop flights
March 1986
Atlanta 6x
Baltimore 1x
Boston 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Islip 2x
Miami 6x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 3x
Washington (DCA) 1x
14 nonstop destinations, 36 daily nonstop flights
March 1987
Atlanta 6x
Boston 1x
Cleveland 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Islip 2x
Miami 4x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 4x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 3x
Washington (DCA) 1x
14 nonstop destinations, 35 daily nonstop flights
Wednesday, August 19, 2009
Delta's South Florida October 1981 Schedule
Here is a snapshot at Delta’s October 1981 South Florida operation, which went head to head with locally based Eastern as well as Pan Am (founded in
It is also worth noting that the five flights between Miami and Fort Lauderdale were all tag alongs that often went on to another destination. For example, one of the flights that originated in
Chicago O’Hare 4x daily
New York-JFK 3x daily
New York-LGA 2x daily
Tampa/St Pete 3x daily
36 Flights Daily
Chicago ORD 2x daily
West Palm Beach 3x daily
30 Flights Daily
Chicago ORD 2x daily
New York LGA 2x daily
19 Flights Daily
Braniff International: Spring 1978
Deregulation of the airline industry was a killer for Braniff International, which over expanded and went belly up in early 1982.
In Spring 1978, the Airline Deregulation Act still had not been implemented and Braniff was still a modest sized, yet flamboyant Texas based airline. The airline had a major gateway operation at Miami International Airport.
Here is Braniff's 1978 Spring nonstop schedule from the three Florida cities it served.
FORT LAUDERDALE
Dallas/ Ft Worth 1x daily
Denver 1x daily
Tampa/St Pete 4x daily
6 daily nonstops
MIAMI
Bogota 5x weekly
Buenos Aires 1x weekly
Dallas/Ft Worth 33x weekly
Denver 14 x weekly
Lima 3x weekly
New York-JFK 7 x weekly
Panama City 20x weekly
Santiago 1x weekly
Tampa 21x weekly
Washington-IAD 1x weekly
106 flights weekly, an average of 15 daily
Thru/same plane service to Asucion, Cali, Kansas City La Paz, Manaus, Oklahoma City, Quito and Rio De Janiero all of which fed the Miami gateway operation.
TAMPA/ST PETERSBURG
Dallas/ Ft Worth 5x daily
Denver 1x daily
Ft Lauderdale 4x daily
Miami 3x daily
Oklahoma City 2x daily
15 flights daily
Wednesday, July 22, 2009
Braniff's Orlando Hub
The original Braniff with its expansive international route network, and large Miami operation had gone out of business in 1982. By late 1983, the Prizker family had bought the Braniff name and some planes from the bankruptcy court and began a low fare airline with the same name as the defunct full service carrier.
In late 1987, Braniff's small domestic successor airline decided to buy Florida Express, which had been a low fare carrier that flew from Orlando to second tier Midwestern and Southern cities like Knoxville, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, etc. Florida Express fed it's Orlando operation with flights from other Florida cities.
Braniff made the mistake of shifting much of the Orlando service to bigger cities such as Chicago, Detroit, New York and Washington where they competed directly with Delta or Eastern. Florida Express had avoided large markets and basically avoided competition with the two airlines that traditionally dominated Orlando. (Eastern was by this point quickly slipping from the nation's largest airline in 1986 to its seventh largest in 1988, but still was strong in Orlando)
By September 1989, Braniff was gone. The airline had grown too quickly not only in Orlando, but also in Kansas City and unwisely took on an order for 50 Airbus A-320 aircraft originally slated for Pan Am. Braniff II, as it is now referred as, to distinguish it from its illustrious predecessor had a short run in Orlando, but an impressive operation.
Here was Braniff's Orlando Hub from the March 1988 timetable.
(All flights daily)
Akron/Canton 2x
Atlanta 3x
Birmingham 2x
Chicago-O'Hare 3x
Cincinnati 3x
Cleveland 3x
Columbus 4x
Dallas/Ft Worth 1x
Detroit 3x
Fort Lauderdale 4x
Ft Myers 3x
Indianapolis 4x
Louisville 1x
Miami 4x
Nashville 2x
Nassau 1x
New York-JFK 2x
Sarasota/Bradenton 3x
Tampa/St Pete- St Petersburg/Clearwater 2x
Tampa/St Pete- Tampa Int'l 3x
Washington-Dulles 2x
West Palm Beach 3x
58 daily departures
Tuesday, July 21, 2009
United's Orlando Mini Hub: 1992
It's often forgotten that 1991, Stephen Wolf then the CEO of United announced that Orlando would eventually be the airline's fifth US domestic hub. Eastern had gone out of business early in the year, and Delta faced little opposition in Orlando. Braniff II which had hubbed in Orlando went belly up in 1989, and US Air had yet to fully realize the potential of their merger with Piedmont in the Florida market.
United's attempts to build an Orlando hub were short lived. Two critical factors entered the equation. Firstly, Pan Am's demise in late 1991 and the ability to buy route authorities, terminal space and gates in Miami from the bankruptcy court at a cheap price. Secondly, US Air took note of United's plan and used their overall market position in Florida (inherited from Piedmont) to eventually drive United from the market by 1994. Since then Orlando has merely been a spoke in UA's system.
United's Orlando operation much like Northwest's Tampa mini hub of the 1980s and US Airways Fort Lauderdale hub/gateway of the 2000s was short lived and will forever be remembered as an experiment by a legacy carrier to corner the Florida or Latin America/Caribbean market by challenging the established strong carriers with an outside the box operation.
Here was what United's Orlando operation looked like in the Summer of 1992:
(All flights daily)
Boston 2x
Chicago-Midway 2x
Chicago-O'Hare 5x
Denver 2x
Fort Lauderdale 3x
Fort Myers 3x
Hartford 1x
Jacksonville 1x
Los Angeles 1x
Mexico City 1x
Miami 4x
Newark 3x
New York-LaGuardia 3x
San Francisco 1x
Sarasota 3x
Tampa 1x
Washington-Dulles 4x
Washington-National 3x
West Palm Beach 3x
Total Daily Departures: 46 daily flights
Thursday, July 16, 2009
National Airlines: Fall/Winter 1979
Miami based National Airlines, was the largest east-west carrier from the Southeast prior to Airline Deregulation in 1978. Immediately, after deregulation two giant carriers both with a large Miami operations sought to purchase National. Eastern, which at the time was the 2nd largest airline in the free world was also based in Miami and was primarily a north-south carrier proposed to merge with National.
Pan Am, which was forbidden from carrying domestic passengers prior to deregulation also sought a merger with National. Later in the game, Texas International owned by Frank Lorezno (who we are sure to to explore further as this site grows) upped the price for the airline so that when Pan Am finally bought the airline, it had overpaid dramatically.
Pan Am wanted National for its large domestic operation out of Miami, which was Pan Am's primary hub for flights to Latin America (as it had been for PA's Caribbean operation prior to the 1975 route swaps with American and TWA) as well as the feed NA could provide for Pan Am's European and African ops from New York's JFK Airport.
Here is National's Florida nonstop schedule from the last timetable before the Pan Am merger.
FORT LAUDERDALE
To: Houston 2x daily
Los Angeles 1x daily
Miami 5x daily
New Orleans 1x daily
Newark 2x daily
New York-Laguardia 5 x daily
Orlando 1x daily
17 daily departures
FORT MYERS
To: Miami 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Sarasota 1x daily
Tampa 2x daily
7 daily departures
JACKSONVILLE
To: Houston 1x daily
Miami 1x daily
New Orleans 1x daily
Norfolk 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Savannah 1x daily
Washington- National 1x daily
7 daily departures
MIAMI
To: Amsterdam 1x weekly
Fort Lauderdale 5x daily
Fort Myers 2x daily
Frankfurt 3x weekly
Houston 5x daily
Jacksonville 1x daily
London-Heathrow 1x daily
Los Angeles 4x daily
New Orleans 4x daily
Newark 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 3x daily
New York-Laguardia 5x daily
Orlando 3x daily
Paris 3x weekly
San Francisco 1x daily
San Juan 2x daily
Sarasota 1x daily
Tampa 5x daily
Washington-National 2x daily
West Palm Beach 3x daily
Zurich 1x weekly
(Average) 48 daily departures
ORLANDO
To: Fort Lauderdale 1x daily
Fort Myers 1x daily
Houston 3x daily
Jacksonville 1x daily
Miami 2x daily
Newark 1x daily
New York-Kennedy 2x daily
Sarasota 1x daily
Washington-National 3x daily
West Palm Beach 1x daily
16 daily departures
PENSACOLA
To: Mobile 2x daily
New Orleans 2x daily
4 daily departures
SARASOTA/BRADENTON
To: Ft Myers 1x daily
Miami 1x daily
Newark 1x daily
New York-Kennedy 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Tampa 2x daily
7 daily departures
TAMPA/ST PETE
To: Amsterdam 1x weekly
Ft Myers 1x
Houston 3x daily
Los Angeles 2x daily
Miami 5x daily
New Orleans 3x daily
New York-Laguardia 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Sarasota 2x daily
Washington-National 2x daily
(average) 21 daily departures
WEST PALM BEACH
To: Fort Lauderdale 2x daily
Miami 3x daily
Newark 1x daily
New York-Laguardia 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 2x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Washington-National 3x daily
12 daily departures