Thursday, September 24, 2009

Air Florida's European Route History















Today, Air Florida is best remembered for a tragic crash in the Potomac River. But few recall that the airline, which for a time was run by the flamboyant Ed Acker actually operated extensive, scheduled services from Miami International Airport to Central America, the Caribbean and Europe.

The airline also had a large domestic operation centered around the three south Florida airports and to a lesser extent Tampa and Orlando. But today, the European operation is our focus.

In February 1981, Air Florida began service from Miami to London's Gatwick Airport. The service had been awarded to Air Florida over Eastern Airlines the previous year following the Pan Am-National merger. But due to the Bermuda II agreement, any new entrant to the London market from the US had to serve Gatwick (this continued until 2008) instead of the much more attractive Heathrow Airport.

Air Florida also acquired the route authority to a number of cities on the European continent disgarded by Pan Am after the merger with National

Air Florida's route system to Europe was as follows:

(all destinations sevred nonstop or via same plan service from Miami)

Febraury 1981:

Amsterdam
Brussels
London

July 1981:

Amsterdam
Brussels
London
Shannon

April 1982:

Amsterdam
Brussels
London
Shannon

April 1983:

Amsterdam
Brussels
Dusseldorf
Frankfurt
London
Madrid
Zurich

January 1984:

Amsterdam
Brussels
Dusseldorf
Frankfurt
London
Madrid
Zurich

By mid 1984, Air Florida was no more, having over expanded and suffered from the Flight 90 crash in Washington DC.

So agressive was Air Florida's marketing campaign, English top flight football club Southampton had Air Florida as their shirt sponsor for a few years.

Here is the kit:


Thursday, September 3, 2009

Eastern in Fort Lauderdale 1977-1987

Eastern's presence in Fort Lauderdale was secondary, yet complimentary to its large hub in Miami, which also housed the headquarters of the airline. From 1972 until 1986, Eastern was either the largest, or second largest airline in the free world. By early 1987, labor strife and Frank Lorenzo's takeover had dropped EA to the 4th largest US airline and 18 months later Eastern was the 7th largest US airline. 

Here is Eastern's Fort Lauderdale history from 1977 to 1987. 


January 1977

Atlanta 5x
Baltimore 1x
Boston 2x
Buffalo 1x
Detroit 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Melbourne 1x
Miami 7x
Nassau 1x
Newark 4x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Orlando 2x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 2x
Tampa 2x
West Palm Beach 1x

17 nonstop destinations, 40 daily nonstop flights

December 1979

Atlanta 6x
Baltimore 2x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Miami 9x
Nassau 1x
Newark 4x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 2x
West Palm Beach 2x


12 nonstop destinations, 37 daily nonstop flights


July 1981

Atlanta 6x
Baltimore 1x
Miami 9x
Nassau 1x
Newark 4x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 1x
West Palm Beach 2x


10 nonstop destinations, 34 daily nonstop flights


December 1983

Atlanta 5x
Baltimore 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Houston 1x
Miami 7x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 2x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 2x
Washington (DCA) 1x


11 nonstop destinations, 29 daily nonstop flights

April 1985

Atlanta 6x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Islip 2x
Miami 6x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 2x
Washington (DCA) 1x


11 nonstop destinations, 30 daily nonstop flights


March 1986

Atlanta 6x
Baltimore 1x
Boston 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Islip 2x
Miami 6x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 3x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 3x
Washington (DCA) 1x

14 nonstop destinations, 36 daily nonstop flights

March 1987

Atlanta 6x
Boston 1x
Cleveland 1x
Hartford/Springfield 1x
Islip 2x
Miami 4x
Nassau 1x
Newark 3x
New York-JFK 3x
New York-LGA 4x
Philadelphia 4x
Pittsburgh 1x
Tampa 3x
Washington (DCA) 1x


14 nonstop destinations, 35 daily nonstop flights

Wednesday, August 19, 2009

Delta's South Florida October 1981 Schedule

Delta has long been a player in the South Florida airline market. In fact, Delta’s success in the market is remarkable because the airline has never had a proper hub or mini-hub among the three airports and relied heavily on point to point service built up pre deregulation and from the 1972 merger with Northeast to become one of the dominant local carriers.

Here is a snapshot at Delta’s October 1981 South Florida operation, which went head to head with locally based Eastern as well as Pan Am (founded in Florida but moved to New York and eventually back to Miami) out of the three south Florida airports.

It is also worth noting that the five flights between Miami and Fort Lauderdale were all tag alongs that often went on to another destination. For example, one of the flights that originated in Fort Lauderdale and went to Miami continued on to Montreal. Another flight that originated in Miami and went to Fort Lauderdale continued to Baltimore.

FORT LAUDERDALE

Atlanta 7x daily

Baltimore 1x daily

Boston 3x daily

Chicago O’Hare 4x daily

Dallas/Fort Worth 1x daily

Detroit 2x daily

Hartford 1x daily

Miami 5x daily

Newark 2x daily

New York-JFK 3x daily

New York-LGA 2x daily

Philadelphia 2x daily

Tampa/St Pete 3x daily

36 Flights Daily

MIAMI

Atlanta 6x daily

Boston 3x daily

Chicago ORD 2x daily

Cincinnati 1x daily

Detroit 1x daily

Fort Lauderdale 5x daily

Memphis 1x daily

Montreal 2x daily

Philadelphia 1x daily

San Juan 2x daily

Tampa 3x daily

West Palm Beach 3x daily

30 Flights Daily

WEST PALM BEACH

Atlanta 6x daily

Boston 2x daily

Chicago ORD 2x daily

Detroit 1x daily

Jacksonville 2x daily

Miami 3x daily

New York LGA 2x daily

Tampa 1x daily

19 Flights Daily

Braniff International: Spring 1978



Deregulation of the airline industry was a killer for Braniff International, which over expanded and went belly up in early 1982.

In Spring 1978, the Airline Deregulation Act still had not been implemented and Braniff was still a modest sized, yet flamboyant Texas based airline. The airline had a major gateway operation at Miami International Airport.

Here is Braniff's 1978 Spring nonstop schedule from the three Florida cities it served.

FORT LAUDERDALE

Dallas/ Ft Worth 1x daily
Denver 1x daily
Tampa/St Pete 4x daily

6 daily nonstops

MIAMI

Bogota 5x weekly
Buenos Aires 1x weekly
Dallas/Ft Worth 33x weekly
Denver 14 x weekly
Lima 3x weekly
New York-JFK 7 x weekly
Panama City 20x weekly
Santiago 1x weekly
Tampa 21x weekly
Washington-IAD 1x weekly

106 flights weekly, an average of 15 daily

Thru/same plane service to Asucion, Cali, Kansas City La Paz, Manaus, Oklahoma City, Quito and Rio De Janiero all of which fed the Miami gateway operation.

TAMPA/ST PETERSBURG

Dallas/ Ft Worth 5x daily
Denver 1x daily
Ft Lauderdale 4x daily
Miami 3x daily
Oklahoma City 2x daily

15 flights daily

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

Braniff's Orlando Hub


The original Braniff with its expansive international route network, and large Miami operation had gone out of business in 1982. By late 1983, the Prizker family had bought the Braniff name and some planes from the bankruptcy court and began a low fare airline with the same name as the defunct full service carrier.

In late 1987, Braniff's small domestic successor airline decided to buy Florida Express, which had been a low fare carrier that flew from Orlando to second tier Midwestern and Southern cities like Knoxville, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, etc. Florida Express fed it's Orlando operation with flights from other Florida cities.

Braniff made the mistake of shifting much of the Orlando service to bigger cities such as Chicago, Detroit, New York and Washington where they competed directly with Delta or Eastern. Florida Express had avoided large markets and basically avoided competition with the two airlines that traditionally dominated Orlando. (Eastern was by this point quickly slipping from the nation's largest airline in 1986 to its seventh largest in 1988, but still was strong in Orlando)

By September 1989, Braniff was gone. The airline had grown too quickly not only in Orlando, but also in Kansas City and unwisely took on an order for 50 Airbus A-320 aircraft originally slated for Pan Am. Braniff II, as it is now referred as, to distinguish it from its illustrious predecessor had a short run in Orlando, but an impressive operation.

Here was Braniff's Orlando Hub from the March 1988 timetable.

(All flights daily)

Akron/Canton 2x
Atlanta 3x
Birmingham 2x
Chicago-O'Hare 3x
Cincinnati 3x
Cleveland 3x
Columbus 4x
Dallas/Ft Worth 1x
Detroit 3x
Fort Lauderdale 4x
Ft Myers 3x
Indianapolis 4x
Louisville 1x
Miami 4x
Nashville 2x
Nassau 1x
New York-JFK 2x
Sarasota/Bradenton 3x
Tampa/St Pete- St Petersburg/Clearwater 2x
Tampa/St Pete- Tampa Int'l 3x
Washington-Dulles 2x
West Palm Beach 3x

58 daily departures

Tuesday, July 21, 2009

United's Orlando Mini Hub: 1992


It's often forgotten that 1991, Stephen Wolf then the CEO of United announced that Orlando would eventually be the airline's fifth US domestic hub. Eastern had gone out of business early in the year, and Delta faced little opposition in Orlando. Braniff II which had hubbed in Orlando went belly up in 1989, and US Air had yet to fully realize the potential of their merger with Piedmont in the Florida market.

United's attempts to build an Orlando hub were short lived. Two critical factors entered the equation. Firstly, Pan Am's demise in late 1991 and the ability to buy route authorities, terminal space and gates in Miami from the bankruptcy court at a cheap price. Secondly, US Air took note of United's plan and used their overall market position in Florida (inherited from Piedmont) to eventually drive United from the market by 1994. Since then Orlando has merely been a spoke in UA's system.

United's Orlando operation much like Northwest's Tampa mini hub of the 1980s and US Airways Fort Lauderdale hub/gateway of the 2000s was short lived and will forever be remembered as an experiment by a legacy carrier to corner the Florida or Latin America/Caribbean market by challenging the established strong carriers with an outside the box operation.

Here was what United's Orlando operation looked like in the Summer of 1992:

(All flights daily)

Boston 2x
Chicago-Midway 2x
Chicago-O'Hare 5x
Denver 2x
Fort Lauderdale 3x
Fort Myers 3x
Hartford 1x
Jacksonville 1x
Los Angeles 1x
Mexico City 1x
Miami 4x
Newark 3x
New York-LaGuardia 3x
San Francisco 1x
Sarasota 3x
Tampa 1x
Washington-Dulles 4x
Washington-National 3x
West Palm Beach 3x

Total Daily Departures: 46 daily flights

Thursday, July 16, 2009

National Airlines: Fall/Winter 1979



Miami based National Airlines, was the largest east-west carrier from the Southeast prior to Airline Deregulation in 1978. Immediately, after deregulation two giant carriers both with a large Miami operations sought to purchase National. Eastern, which at the time was the 2nd largest airline in the free world was also based in Miami and was primarily a north-south carrier proposed to merge with National.

Pan Am, which was forbidden from carrying domestic passengers prior to deregulation also sought a merger with National. Later in the game, Texas International owned by Frank Lorezno (who we are sure to to explore further as this site grows) upped the price for the airline so that when Pan Am finally bought the airline, it had overpaid dramatically.

Pan Am wanted National for its large domestic operation out of Miami, which was Pan Am's primary hub for flights to Latin America (as it had been for PA's Caribbean operation prior to the 1975 route swaps with American and TWA) as well as the feed NA could provide for Pan Am's European and African ops from New York's JFK Airport.

Here is National's Florida nonstop schedule from the last timetable before the Pan Am merger.

FORT LAUDERDALE

To: Houston 2x daily
Los Angeles 1x daily
Miami 5x daily
New Orleans 1x daily
Newark 2x daily
New York-Laguardia 5 x daily
Orlando 1x daily

17 daily departures

FORT MYERS

To: Miami 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Sarasota 1x daily
Tampa 2x daily

7 daily departures

JACKSONVILLE

To: Houston 1x daily
Miami 1x daily
New Orleans 1x daily
Norfolk 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Savannah 1x daily
Washington- National 1x daily

7 daily departures

MIAMI

To: Amsterdam 1x weekly
Fort Lauderdale 5x daily
Fort Myers 2x daily
Frankfurt 3x weekly
Houston 5x daily
Jacksonville 1x daily
London-Heathrow 1x daily
Los Angeles 4x daily
New Orleans 4x daily
Newark 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 3x daily
New York-Laguardia 5x daily
Orlando 3x daily
Paris 3x weekly
San Francisco 1x daily
San Juan 2x daily
Sarasota 1x daily
Tampa 5x daily
Washington-National 2x daily
West Palm Beach 3x daily
Zurich 1x weekly

(Average) 48 daily departures

ORLANDO

To: Fort Lauderdale 1x daily
Fort Myers 1x daily
Houston 3x daily
Jacksonville 1x daily
Miami 2x daily
Newark 1x daily
New York-Kennedy 2x daily
Sarasota 1x daily
Washington-National 3x daily
West Palm Beach 1x daily

16 daily departures

PENSACOLA

To: Mobile 2x daily
New Orleans 2x daily

4 daily departures

SARASOTA/BRADENTON

To: Ft Myers 1x daily
Miami 1x daily
Newark 1x daily
New York-Kennedy 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Tampa 2x daily

7 daily departures

TAMPA/ST PETE

To: Amsterdam 1x weekly
Ft Myers 1x
Houston 3x daily
Los Angeles 2x daily
Miami 5x daily
New Orleans 3x daily
New York-Laguardia 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 1x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Sarasota 2x daily
Washington-National 2x daily

(average) 21 daily departures

WEST PALM BEACH

To: Fort Lauderdale 2x daily
Miami 3x daily
Newark 1x daily
New York-Laguardia 2x daily
New York-Kennedy 2x daily
Orlando 1x daily
Washington-National 3x daily


12 daily departures